Scrapy 爬虫框架-基于IP的伪装

爬虫的伪装

如果不进行伪装则我们每次采用相同IP抓取数据时可以会被目前服务器的防火墙之别，伪装有两种：配置代理IP和user-agent中间件编写,需要先注册阿布云

动态IP接入指南

注册阿布云之后，可以选择1元购买1小时进行动态IP的测试。如果购买成功打开对应的接入指南会有提示scrapy的相关配置

import base64

    # 代理服务器
    proxyServer = "http://http-dyn.abuyun.com:9020"

    # 代理隧道验证信息
    proxyUser = "H01234567890123D"
    proxyPass = "0123456789012345"

    # for Python2
    proxyAuth = "Basic " + base64.b64encode(proxyUser + ":" + proxyPass)

    # for Python3
    #proxyAuth = "Basic " + base64.urlsafe_b64encode(bytes((proxyUser + ":" + proxyPass), "ascii")).decode("utf8")

    class ProxyMiddleware(object):
        def process_request(self, request, spider):
            request.meta["proxy"] = proxyServer

            request.headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = proxyAuth              
            

IP代理中间件编写

根据上面的接入指南，采用创建一个ProxyMiddleware配置相关的信息即可完成动态IP的配置

import base64

# 代理服务器
proxyServer = "http://http-dyn.abuyun.com:9020"
# 代理隧道验证信息
proxy_name_pass = b"HH59908195O5720D:4B4748D2DBD1B53D"
# for Python2
proxyAuth = base64.b64encode(proxy_name_pass)


class ProxyMiddleware(object):

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        request.meta["proxy"] = proxyServer
        request.headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = "Basic " + proxyAuth.decode()

Setting中配置Middleware

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
   # 未来完成ajax加载
   'douban.middlewares.DoubanDownloaderMiddleware': 544,
   # IP伪装
   'douban.proxymiddlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 542,
   # User-Agent伪装
   'douban.user_agent_middlewares.UserAgentMiddleware': 543,
}